Audit Fee is the cost of professional services paid to auditor. upon examination of the financial statements of a company. The size of the audit fee is influenced by the size of the company, the level of risk, the complexity of the transaction, and the reputation of the auditor. In Indonesia, the trend of audit fees continues to increase in line with the demands for transparency and good governance.
In the world of business and finance, auditing plays an important role to ensure financial statements are presented fairly and reliably. The audit process is conducted by an independent auditor, and in return the company pays a professional services fee known as an audit fee.
Setting an audit fee is a sensitive matter — too low can affect the quality of the audit, while too high can cast doubt on the independence of the auditor. Therefore, understanding the concepts, factors, and audit fee calculation formulas is very important for management, auditors, and researchers in the field of accounting.
What Is An Audit Fee?
Audit Fee is a fee or remuneration paid by the client to the auditor for financial statement audit services conducted independently. This Fee reflects the value of the auditor's professionalism, responsibility, risk, and working time.
The main purpose of setting the audit fee is to:
- Compensates the auditor for the time, effort, and expertise provided.
- Ensure financial viability for auditors without compromising objectivity.
- Avoid conflicts of interest between auditors and clients.
In practice, the audit fee must be determined in a “reasonable and proportionate " manner as stipulated in the Professional Standards of Public Accountants (SPAP) and the Ifac (International Federation of Accountants) Code of ethics.
Understanding The Audit Fee According To Experts
Here are some academic definitions that are often used as references:
- Simunic (1980): The audit Fee is the price of the auditor's professional services, which is determined based on the complexity of the audit, the risks, and the size of the company.
- Hay, Knechel & Wong (2006): The audit Fee reflects the auditor's working time, legal responsibilities, and level of expertise required.
- Naser & Hassan (2016): The audit Fee describes the degree of difficulty of the work and the risk of misstatement in the client's financial statements.
- SPAP (IAI): The audit Fee should reflect the auditor's professionalism, not be too high or low, and should not affect independence.
Audit Fee Formula
There is no one exact formula that applies globally, but the approach commonly used in various public accounting firms is:
Fee Audit = (Jumlah Jam Audit) × (Tarif per Jam Auditor)
Or in the cost component approach:
Audit Fee = (Labor Costs) + (Operating Costs) + (Profit Margin)
Simple example:
If the audit is conducted by 3 auditors for 200 hours at a rate of Rp500, 000/hour, then:
Fee Audit = 3× 200 × 500.000 = Rp300.000.000
This formula can be adjusted according to audit risk, difficulty level, and additional needs such as the use of data-based audit technology.
Factors affecting the Audit Fee
The amount of the audit fee largely depends on a number of the following factors:
1. Firm Size
Large companies usually have more complex transactions and require longer audit times, so audit fees are higher.
2. Operational Complexity
The number of subsidiaries, branches, or cross-border transactions adds to the time and resources auditors need.
3. Audit Risk
The higher the risk of material misstatement, the greater the responsibility and audit procedure to do.
4. Quality and reputation of Auditors
Auditors from large firms such as the Big Four (PwC, EY, Deloitte, KPMG) generally charge higher fees than local firms because of their reputation and quality assurance.
5. Internal Control System
Companies with good internal control systems tend to pay lower fees because there is less audit risk.
6. Audit Opinion
Audit opinion in addition unqualified it usually requires additional analysis and extends the audit time.
7. Deadline (Audit Time Pressure)
Tight reporting deadlines often make auditors have to work more intensively, which automatically raises costs.
Effect of Company Size on Audit Fee
The size of the company is the most influential variable on the audit fee.
Penelitian empiris (Simunic, 1980; Hay et al., 2006) showed that the larger the size of the company (in assets, revenues, and complexity), the greater the audit fee paid.
Large companies also often demand higher audit quality as their reports come to the attention of the public, regulators, and investors. As a result, auditors need more team and time.
Measurement Of Audit Fee Variables (In Academic Research)
In the context of Accounting Research, the audit fee is often measured using the value of the natural logarithm (Ln) of the total audit fee.
The goal is to normalize the data to make statistical analysis more stable.
Common models in research:
Ln(FeeAudit) = α + β1(Size) + β2(Complexity) + β3(Risk) + β4(AuditorType) + ε
Independent variables such as company size, risk, and auditor reputation are used to examine factors that affect audit fees.
Cost of Audit in Indonesia
In recent years, the trend of audit fees in Indonesia has shown a significant increase for several reasons:
- The need for more rigorous audits from OJK, IDX, and international regulators.
- Adoption of digital audit technology, such as data analytics and AI-based risk assessment.
- Increase in business complexity in the financial, technology and manufacturing sectors.
However, there are still challenges faced by auditors in Indonesia:
- Cost pressure from clients who demand low prices.
- Inter-hood standard differences.
- The risk of independence when auditors are too dependent on one large client.
Audit Fee relationship and Auditor independence
The relationship between audit fees and auditor independence is often the subject of ethical debate.
- If fee is too high, there is a risk of the auditor becoming too “dependent " on the client and losing objectivity.
- If the fee is too low, audit quality may decline due to time and resource constraints.
Therefore, professional ethical standards emphasize the importance of "reasonable fee” - balanced between decent compensation and professional independence.
Conclusion
Audit Fee is an important indicator in the audit process that reflects the value of professionalism, risk, and complexity of the auditor's work.
Setting the right fee not only supports the efficiency and quality of audits, but also maintains the independence of auditors from client influence.
In Indonesia, the development of audit fees continues to increase in line with tightening regulations and the adoption of more modern audit technology. With a good understanding of the factors that affect audit fees, companies can negotiate fairly and transparently.
Closing
To understand more about the audit fee, its calculation, and its relation to the quality and independence of Auditors, you can read other related articles on the main page Audithink's Comprehensive Features.
If you need professional assistance, empirical audit research, or internal and external audit consulting, please contact Audithink team to get the right guidance and can be tailored to the needs of your organization.
